Chapter 02
Plan a Logical Structure
As you begin to build (or rebuild) your website, you’ll want to make sure you’re creating logical structures for users to follow. This part of your web strategy is focused not only on how your web pages look and what copy is on them but also the overall user experience. Your website should be easy to navigate with each page serving a predetermined purpose in the customer journey.
Sitemapping
Creating a sitemap with the user in mind is essential when it comes to determining the hierarchy of your website. It allows you to better understand where users will enter your website, what their recommended next step from every page should be and where their journey on your site will end.
The best way to go about creating a sitemap for a redesign is to use the metrics from your current website or information from Google Analytics to see how users are navigating your web pages. This will help you see areas that need to improve so you can keep users moving forward. Consider things like:
- What content/pages are users finding valuable (low bounce rate, average to high time spent on page)
- What content/pages are users not visiting but they should be?
- Are users moving around the website as we hoped they would to learn more and ultimately reach out to us?
It’s also key to plan clear, helpful navigation at this early stage of the planning process. Before you get into the weeds of what will go on every page and how people will get there, deciding on the language you’ll use to steer people through your website is a must.
The beginning of a web design is the easiest place to add some optimization to your navigation with these best practices:
- Instead of opting for generic labels, use descriptive words and phrases in your navigation bar that catch the user’s eye and tell them exactly what’s on that page. You can even implement keywords here to boost your website’s SEO rankings.
- But with this in mind, make sure you don’t use industry jargon or lingo that the average user wouldn’t understand
- Limit your navigation bar to a maximum of 4-5 items. This helps to highlight the most important areas of your website and decreases the likelihood users will scan over valuable information because they’re presented with too many options at once.
- Put your most important navigation items and the beginning and end of the list. These are the two spots that people will remember most and are the most effective, so order is important!
Finally, remember that the flow of your site is all about solving for the user’s journey, not streamlining internal bureaucracy. A sitemap should be designed with the user’s problem, path and solution in mind.
User flows
As you create your site map, you’ll also want to think about the user flows on your website. These are the paths users will follow through your pages to reach a goal. What goal, you ask? That’s up to you!
The first step to creating an effective user flow is to identify the goal of each page on your sitemap. How do the pages fit into your digital strategy? Are they meant to inform or convert? Will they capture leads for your sales team? Figuring out exactly what you hope to get out of each webpage can help you to steer people through the right content at the right time, which can help your conversion rates.
Once you know your goals, you’ll have to find a way to arrange the pages so they guide the customer through their journey. This is where using a sitemap can be particularly helpful by giving you a visual representation of your user flows.
When determining the page order, you want to think about the most pertinent things you could say to potential customers to get them to reach the page goal. What do they need to know to trust you enough to follow you through your website instead of scrolling to the bottom of one page and clicking away?
Finding these messages can be tricky and it requires a lot of self-editing. You’ll have to determine where your business goals and customers’ needs intersect, then put words to that sliver of the Venn diagram. Likely, you’ll go through a few rounds of ideas and editing, so don’t get discouraged if at first, you don’t succeed.
One way to make this process a little easier is to use all the work you did while sitemapping. You’ve already seen how people use your website, and that can guide your user flow decisions. For example, if a user typically views your homepage, service pages and about page, then converts on an offer, how can you make that journey easier? Is there a step you can remove or information you can include somewhere else? Using these analytics can help you ensure the process from discovery to conversion is as streamlined as possible and easy for the user to navigate.
Wireframing
At this stage you should have a working model of the hierarchy of pages on your website and their goals, know how you intend users to move through your website to reach those goals and what information should be on each page. Now it’s time to build a visual outline of what the page might look like, a.k.a a wireframe.
As you can see, wireframes are more functional than pretty. They’re meant to serve as simplified outlines, which is critical at this stage to keep you focused on the functionality of each page. A wireframe removes the distraction of choosing colors and fonts and photos and forces you to look strictly and where elements are placed and how they relate to each other.
Returning to the house metaphor I mentioned at the beginning of this article, your website’s wireframe is like a house’s blueprint. It’s critical to start with a wireframe so you can establish a clear direction and your entire team is on the same page. This saves you time and money down the line on revisions and redesigns.
Because this stage is so important to getting everyone moving in the same direction and establishing a guide for next steps, it’s also the best time to speak up. The wireframing portion of web designing is the easiest (and most cost-effective) place to make changes, add elements or adjust content structure before moving into the heavy lifting portions of the project, so don’t be afraid to give and take continuous feedback until it’s perfect.
When reviewing your wireframe, there are four questions you can ask to ensure it’s a stable foundation for your site:
- Does the section order align with the purpose of the page?
- Does it align with the customer journey?
- Does it align with your goals?
- Does it communicate the problem and how to solve it?
If you answer yes to all of these, then you’ve created a great wireframe! If you answer no to any of them, don’t worry. Just head back to the drawing board and keep working until your pages fit these criteria.